What is ‘duff’?

What is ‘duff’?

Partially decomposed litter
Weathered rock
Muddy puddle
Carcass of a dead animal
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2023
The correct answer is Partially decomposed litter.
‘Duff’ is an ecological term referring to the layer of organic matter on the floor of a forest or wooded area, consisting of fallen leaves, twigs, and other plant debris in various stages of decomposition. It is the layer above the mineral soil but below the fresh litter.
Duff is also known as the O horizon (organic layer) in soil profiles, specifically the Oi (slightly decomposed) and Oe (moderately decomposed) sub-horizons, although the term ‘duff’ sometimes specifically refers to the Oel and Ofh layers in certain classification systems. It plays a significant role in forest nutrient cycling and fire behavior.