What happens to the soil, where soil water freezes and it tends to for

What happens to the soil, where soil water freezes and it tends to form ice layers parallel with the ground surface ?

It heaves the soil upward in an uneven manner
It heaves the soil downward in an uneven manner
It heaves the soil both upward and downward in an even manner
It remains unaffected
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2009
When soil water freezes and forms ice layers parallel to the ground surface, this process, known as frost heave, pushes the overlying soil upwards in an uneven manner.
Frost heave occurs when water in the soil pores freezes and expands, and further water is drawn towards the freezing front forming ice lenses. The formation and growth of these ice lenses cause the ground surface to rise.
The unevenness results from variations in soil type, moisture content, and temperature across the area. Frost heave can cause significant damage to roads, buildings, and infrastructure in areas with freezing temperatures and susceptible soils.