The correct answer is: A. Service-level agreements.
A service-level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a service provider and a customer that defines the level of service that the provider will deliver. SLAs typically include provisions for uptime, response time, and other metrics.
By signing an SLA, a customer can be assured that the provider will meet certain minimum standards of service. This can help to guard against downtime and other disruptions.
In addition, SLAs can help to determine costs. For example, a provider may charge a higher rate for a service with a higher SLA. This is because the provider is taking on more risk in guaranteeing a higher level of service.
The other options are incorrect because:
- B. Application programming interfaces (APIs) are a way for different software applications to communicate with each other. They do not directly affect downtime or costs.
- C. Virtual private networks (VPNs) are a way to create a secure connection between two or more computers over the internet. They do not directly affect downtime or costs.
- D. Bandwidth fees are charges for the amount of data that is transmitted over a network. They do not directly affect downtime or costs.