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What does the 9th Schedule of the Constitution of India contain?

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

What does the 9th Schedule of the Constitution of India contain?

List of Official Languages

Panchayati Raj System

Laws protected from Judicial review

Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha

This question was previously asked in

UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22

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The 9th Schedule of the Constitution of India was added by the 1st Amendment Act, 1951. It was created to protect laws, particularly those relating to agrarian reforms and abolition of Zamindari, from being challenged in courts on the ground that they violated Fundamental Rights. Laws placed in the 9th Schedule were initially considered immune from judicial review. Although the Supreme Court, in the I.R. Coelho case (2007), ruled that laws placed in the 9th Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment) are open to judicial scrutiny if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution, the Schedule’s content still primarily consists of laws that were intended to be protected from judicial review based on Fundamental Rights challenges.

The 9th Schedule lists laws that were initially intended to be shielded from judicial review based on Fundamental Rights.

The 8th Schedule lists the official languages of India. The 11th Schedule lists the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats. The 4th Schedule deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha.

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