What are the major raw materials used in the manufacture of cement?

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Limestone and clay

Al2O3 and limestone

Fe3O4 and clay

Clay and MgO

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC Geoscientist – 2022

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The correct answer is Limestone and clay.

Cement is manufactured by heating a mixture of calcareous materials (primarily calcium carbonate from limestone) and argillaceous materials (clay or shale containing silica, alumina, and iron oxide).

Limestone (providing CaO) and clay (providing SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃) are the two main raw materials used in the production of Portland cement. They are mixed in specific proportions and heated in a kiln to produce cement clinker, which is then ground into the final product.

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