Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and transportation are indicators of

Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and transportation are indicators of which one of the following processes?

Denudation
Endogenetic process
Diastrophism
Mountain building
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2022
The correct answer is A) Denudation.
Denudation is the overall process that causes the wearing away of the Earth’s surface by moving water, ice, wind, and waves. It encompasses several processes, including weathering (breakdown of rock), mass wasting (movement of rock and soil downslope under gravity), erosion (removal and transportation of material), and transportation (movement of eroded material).
Endogenetic processes originate within the Earth (like diastrophism and mountain building). Diastrophism is large-scale deformation of the crust. Mountain building (Orogeny) is a specific type of diastrophism. The listed processes (weathering, mass wasting, erosion, transportation) are exogenetic processes acting on the surface.