Vinegar is

Vinegar is

5-8% solution of acetic acid in water
5-8% solution of carbonic acid in water
5-8% solution of ethanol in water
10-15% solution of propionic acid in water
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2024
Vinegar is a common acidic liquid produced through the fermentation of ethanol.
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid (CH₃COOH). The concentration of acetic acid in most commercially available vinegars ranges from 5% to 8%, although some types may have higher concentrations (up to 20%).
The fermentation process typically involves two steps: alcoholic fermentation of sugars into ethanol by yeasts, followed by oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid by acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter). Vinegar is used in cooking, preservation, and cleaning.
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