The correct answer is A. Firoz Shah Tughluq.
Firoz Shah Tughluq (1351-1388) was the fifth Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He was a great administrator and a successful military commander. He is best known for his land reforms, which included the introduction of a new land tax system called the Kharaj. The Kharaj was a land tax that was levied on all agricultural land in the Delhi Sultanate. It was a progressive tax, which meant that the rate of taxation increased with the value of the land. The Kharaj was a very effective way of raising revenue for the Delhi Sultanate. It also helped to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector.
The other options are incorrect. Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316) was the second Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He was a great military commander, but he was not as successful an administrator as Firoz Shah Tughluq. Qutbuddin Aibak (1206-1210) was the first Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He was a great military commander, but he did not have time to implement any major land reforms. Mahmood Shah (1451-1489) was the fifth Sultan of the Lodi dynasty. He was not as successful as Firoz Shah Tughluq in terms of land reforms.