Two identical solid pieces, one of gold and other of silver, when imme

Two identical solid pieces, one of gold and other of silver, when immersed completely in water exhibit equal weights. When weighed in air (given that density of gold is greater than that of silver)

the gold piece will weigh more
the silver piece will weigh more
both silver and gold pieces weigh equal
weighing will depend on their masses
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct option is B.
When immersed in water, the apparent weight of an object is its true weight in air minus the buoyant force. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water displaced, which is (volume of the object) * (density of water) * g. The two pieces have equal apparent weight in water: W_air,gold – B_gold = W_air,silver – B_silver. Since both are solid and immersed, B_gold = V_gold * density_water * g and B_silver = V_silver * density_water * g. Given that the density of gold is greater than the density of silver, and they displace the same weight of water to have equal apparent weight difference from their air weight, the object with lower density (silver) must have a larger volume to displace the amount of water needed to satisfy the equality in apparent weight.
W_air = density * Volume * g.
W_air,gold – V_gold * density_water * g = W_air,silver – V_silver * density_water * g
V_gold * (density_gold – density_water) = V_silver * (density_silver – density_water)
Since density_gold > density_silver, it follows that (density_gold – density_water) > (density_silver – density_water). For the equation to hold, V_gold must be less than V_silver.
Now comparing weight in air: W_air,gold = density_gold * V_gold * g and W_air,silver = density_silver * V_silver * g.
We know V_gold < V_silver. To determine which one weighs more in air, consider the relation derived from the apparent weight equation: W_air,gold - W_air,silver = (V_gold - V_silver) * density_water * g. Since V_gold < V_silver, (V_gold - V_silver) is negative. Therefore, W_air,gold - W_air,silver is negative, meaning W_air,gold < W_air,silver. The silver piece weighs more in air.
This problem highlights the effect of buoyancy, which is dependent on the volume of the object. Although gold is denser, the condition of equal apparent weight in water necessitates that the less dense silver piece has a larger volume, which compensates for its lower density when determining its weight in air.