Trough and ridge are

Trough and ridge are

elongated area of low pressure and of high pressure respectively
elongated areas of low pressure
elongated areas of high pressure
elongated area of high pressure and of low pressure respectively
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UPSC CAPF – 2022
In meteorology, a trough is an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure. It is often associated with fronts and can lead to unsettled weather. A ridge is an elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure. Ridges are typically associated with stable atmospheric conditions and fair weather.
Trough and ridge are terms used in meteorology to describe the shape of isobars (lines of equal pressure) on a weather map, indicating areas of relatively low and high pressure respectively.
Troughs extend away from the center of a low-pressure system, while ridges extend away from the center of a high-pressure system. These features are important for understanding atmospheric circulation and predicting weather patterns.