The correct answer is: All of the above.
Tribes in Assam generally have lower HDI scores compared to other communities due to a number of factors, including historical marginalization, limited access to services, and geographic isolation.
Historical marginalization: Tribes in Assam have been marginalized for centuries, both by the British colonial government and by the dominant Assamese Hindu community. This marginalization has resulted in a lack of access to education, healthcare, and other basic services.
Limited access to services: Tribes in Assam often live in remote areas, which makes it difficult for them to access basic services such as education, healthcare, and transportation. This lack of access to services can have a significant impact on their quality of life.
Geographic isolation: Tribes in Assam are often geographically isolated from the rest of the state. This isolation can make it difficult for them to access education, healthcare, and other basic services. It can also make it difficult for them to participate in the economy.
All of these factors contribute to the lower HDI scores of tribes in Assam. It is important to address these issues in order to improve the lives of tribal people in Assam.