Tribal movements in Assam frequently sought to protect:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Tribal movements in Assam frequently sought to protect land rights, cultural identity, and access to forest resources.

• Land rights: Tribal peoples in Assam have traditionally had a strong connection to the land. They have used the land for their livelihoods, such as farming, hunting, and gathering. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in land alienation, as the government has acquired land for development projects, such as dams, highways, and industries. This has led to displacement and impoverishment of tribal peoples.
• Cultural identity: Tribal peoples in Assam have a rich and unique culture. However, their culture is under threat from a number of factors, such as globalization, modernization, and the influx of outsiders. This has led to a loss of traditional knowledge and practices, and a sense of alienation among tribal peoples.
• Access to forest resources: Forests are an important source of livelihood for tribal peoples. They use the forests for food, fuel, fodder, and medicine. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in deforestation, as the government has leased out forest land to commercial companies. This has led to a loss of access to forest resources for tribal peoples.

Tribal movements in Assam have been successful in raising awareness of the issues facing tribal peoples. They have also been able to secure some concessions from the government, such as the recognition of traditional land rights and the establishment of autonomous councils. However, there is still a long way to go to ensure that the rights of tribal peoples are fully protected.