Tribal communities in Assam resisted British rule through:

The correct answer is: d) All of the above

Tribal communities in Assam resisted British rule through a variety of means, including armed revolts, refusal to pay taxes, and retreating into hills and forests.

• Armed revolts: The most famous example of an armed revolt by tribal communities in Assam is the Santhal Rebellion of 1855. The Santhals were a tribal people who lived in the Santhal Parganas region of what is now Jharkhand. They were oppressed by the British, who had imposed high taxes and forced them to work on plantations. In 1855, the Santhals rose up in revolt, led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu. The rebellion was brutally suppressed by the British, but it showed the determination of the tribal people to resist British rule.
• Refusal to pay taxes: Another common form of resistance was the refusal to pay taxes. The British imposed a variety of taxes on the tribal people, including taxes on land, livestock, and salt. The tribal people often refused to pay these taxes, which led to conflict with the British.
• Retreating into hills and forests: In some cases, the tribal people retreated into the hills and forests to escape British rule. This was a common strategy in the early days of British rule, when the British were not yet able to control the entire region. The tribal people would live in the hills and forests and raid British settlements.

The resistance of the tribal people to British rule was a significant factor in the eventual end of British rule in India. The tribal people showed that they were willing to fight for their independence, and their resistance helped to inspire other Indians to resist British rule.