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Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes or factories in order to

minimize the power loss in transmission cables

minimize the voltage drop in transmission cables

minimize the current drop in the transmission cables

provide constant voltage at the user end

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2011

Download PDF Attempt Online

Transformers are used in between the electric power stations and homes or factories in order to minimize the power loss in transmission cables.

Electric power is transmitted over long distances through cables. These cables have resistance, and power is lost as heat according to the formula P_loss = I² * R, where I is the current and R is the resistance of the cable. To minimize this power loss for a given amount of power being transmitted (P = V * I), the voltage (V) is stepped up to a very high level by transformers at the power station. This high voltage means the current (I) required to transmit the same power is much lower (I = P/V). A lower current significantly reduces the power loss (I²R) in the transmission lines. At the receiving end, transformers step the voltage back down for safe use in homes and factories.

While stepping up voltage does also reduce voltage drop (V_drop = I*R), the primary purpose of high-voltage transmission is the dramatic reduction in power loss, making long-distance transmission economically feasible. Transformers are essential for changing voltage levels efficiently in AC circuits.

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