The correct answer is A.
The word “over” is the most common preposition used to express victory or success over an opponent or obstacle. In this case, the odds of life are the opponent or obstacle that those who persist in the endeavor must overcome.
The other options are not as appropriate in this context. The word “on” can be used to express movement or position, but it does not make sense to say that someone triumphs on the odds of life. The word “upon” is similar to “on,” but it is even less common in this context. The word “about” is used to express location or position around something, but it does not make sense to say that someone triumphs about the odds of life.
In conclusion, the correct answer is A.