The correct answer is: Ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small, round organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of all cells. They are responsible for protein synthesis, which is the process of building proteins from amino acids. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit. The large subunit contains the active site where protein synthesis takes place. The small subunit helps to bind the amino acids together.
Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are free-floating in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or are found in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are essential for life. Without ribosomes, cells would not be able to produce proteins, and without proteins, cells would not be able to function.
Here is a brief explanation of each of the other options:
- Golgi bodies are organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for processing and packaging proteins and other molecules. Golgi bodies are made up of stacks of flattened sacs called cisternae. The cisternae are connected to each other by tubules.
- Lysosomes are organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular components. Lysosomes are filled with enzymes that can break down proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Mitochondria are organelles that are found in eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for producing energy for the cell. Mitochondria are shaped like beans and have two membranes. The inner membrane is folded into cristae. The cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane, which allows for more efficient energy production.
I hope this helps!