Thermal pollution which involves release of excessive amounts of heated water in aquatic systems is harmful. It is because hot water:
kills aquatic plants.
causes oxygen starvation.
kills aquatic microbes.
causes CO₂ depletion.
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This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2020
– Higher water temperatures increase the metabolic rates of fish and other aquatic organisms, which increases their demand for oxygen.
– The combined effect of reduced oxygen availability and increased oxygen demand can lead to stress, suffocation, and death of aquatic life.
– It can alter species composition, favoring tolerant species and eliminating sensitive ones.
– Sources of thermal pollution often include cooling water discharges from power plants, industrial facilities, and urban runoff.