Thermal pollution is:

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discharge of waste heat into the atmosphere or ocean from increasing use of energy.

atmospheric warming due to emission of green house gasses.

heat waves during extreme summer.

heat trapped in the atmosphere due to dust storm.

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC Geoscientist – 2021

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Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality or air quality by any process that changes the ambient temperature. A common cause is the discharge of heated water from industrial processes or power generation into natural water bodies or the release of waste heat into the atmosphere.

It specifically refers to the release of waste heat from human activities into the environment.

While thermal pollution primarily concerns water bodies where temperature changes have significant ecological impacts (reducing dissolved oxygen, affecting aquatic life), the discharge of waste heat into the atmosphere from increasing energy use is also considered a form of thermal pollution, contributing to localized warming.

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