There is a ball of mass 320 g. It has 625 J potential energy when rele

There is a ball of mass 320 g. It has 625 J potential energy when released freely from a height. The speed with which it will hit the ground is

62·5 m/s
2·0 m/s
50 m/s
40 m/s
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2024
The correct answer is A) 62·5 m/s.
When the ball is released freely from a height, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it falls. By the principle of conservation of mechanical energy (assuming no air resistance), the potential energy at the initial height is equal to the kinetic energy just before hitting the ground.
The mass of the ball is m = 320 g = 0.320 kg.
The potential energy at the initial height is PE = 625 J.
Assuming the ball starts from rest, its initial kinetic energy is 0. When it hits the ground, its potential energy becomes 0 (taking the ground as the reference level).
By conservation of energy, Initial Total Energy = Final Total Energy.
PE_initial + KE_initial = PE_final + KE_final
625 J + 0 J = 0 J + KE_final
So, KE_final = 625 J.
The kinetic energy is given by KE = (1/2) * m * v², where v is the speed.
625 = (1/2) * 0.320 * v²
625 = 0.160 * v²
v² = 625 / 0.160 = 625000 / 160 = 62500 / 16
v = sqrt(62500 / 16) = sqrt(62500) / sqrt(16) = 250 / 4 = 125 / 2 = 62.5 m/s.
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