There have been certain anomalies in India’s food management under the

There have been certain anomalies in India’s food management under the PDS which need immediate attention :

  • 1. The percentage distribution of the economic cost of wheat and rice has been rising fast. The pooled cost of food grains accounts for two-thirds of the economic cost of wheat and rice. This has made the economic cost of food grains to the Food Corporation of India increase over the years.
  • 2. Increasing costs of labour, fertilizers, pesticides and other inputs have made production of crops costlier over the time. This forced the Government to keep on increasing the MSPs of the crops, too.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
Statement 1 is confusingly phrased and likely incorrect in its assertion about the “percentage distribution” and the “pooled cost accounting for two-thirds of the economic cost” (pooled cost *is* the economic cost for FCI, covering acquisition and distribution). However, the general point it attempts to make about the economic cost of food grains for FCI rising is true and a major anomaly. But the reasoning presented in statement 1 is flawed.
Statement 2 is correct. The increasing cost of agricultural inputs like labour, fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, and machinery directly raises the cost of cultivation for farmers. To ensure farming remains remunerative and to incentivize production, the government is compelled to periodically increase the MSPs for various crops. This increase in MSPs significantly contributes to the higher procurement cost for the Food Corporation of India (FCI), which is a major component of the economic cost of food grains under PDS.
Given the clear validity of statement 2 and the questionable phrasing and accuracy of statement 1’s causal link, only statement 2 represents a correctly stated anomaly/challenge and its reason.
Rising input costs in agriculture lead to increased MSPs, which in turn increases the economic cost of procurement and management of food grains for the government under the PDS.
The economic cost of food grains for FCI comprises the cost of procurement (including MSP, bonuses, procurement incidentals) and the cost of distribution (including freight, handling, storage, administrative overheads). The rising economic cost necessitates higher food subsidies, putting a strain on the government exchequer. Other anomalies in PDS include leakages, targeting issues, and storage losses.