The correct answer is: D) All of the above
The Zamorins of Kozhikode (Calicut) were a dynasty of rulers who reigned over the Malabar Coast of India from the 12th to the 18th centuries. They were known for their naval power, patronage of the arts, and resistance to European powers.
The Zamorins were a powerful naval force and controlled a large fleet of ships. They used their navy to protect their trade routes and to expand their territory. The Zamorins were also patrons of the arts and supported many artists, musicians, and poets. They built many temples and palaces, and their court was a center of culture and learning.
The Zamorins were also known for their resistance to European powers. They fought against the Portuguese and the Dutch, who were trying to establish colonies on the Malabar Coast. The Zamorins were eventually defeated by the Europeans, but they left a legacy of resistance and independence.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Naval power: The Zamorins were a powerful naval force and controlled a large fleet of ships. They used their navy to protect their trade routes and to expand their territory.
- Patronage of the arts: The Zamorins were patrons of the arts and supported many artists, musicians, and poets. They built many temples and palaces, and their court was a center of culture and learning.
- Resistance to European powers: The Zamorins were known for their resistance to European powers. They fought against the Portuguese and the Dutch, who were trying to establish colonies on the Malabar Coast. The Zamorins were eventually defeated by the Europeans, but they left a legacy of resistance and independence.