The correct answer is: b) Land revenue collection.
The zamindari system was a system of land revenue collection in India under which the zamindars, or landlords, were responsible for collecting revenue from the peasants and then paying a fixed sum to the government. The system was introduced by the Mughals in the 16th century and continued under British rule until it was abolished in 1952.
The zamindari system was a form of indirect rule, as the zamindars were responsible for collecting revenue on behalf of the government. This system had a number of disadvantages, including the fact that the zamindars often exploited the peasants and that the government did not receive a fair share of the revenue.
The zamindari system was abolished in 1952 as part of the Indian government’s land reforms. The reforms were designed to improve the lives of the peasants and to increase the government’s share of the revenue from land.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option a) Direct colonial rule: This is not the correct answer because the zamindari system was a system of land revenue collection, not a system of direct colonial rule.
- Option b) Land revenue collection: This is the correct answer because the zamindari system was a system of land revenue collection.
- Option c) Feudal hierarchy: This is not the correct answer because the zamindari system was not a feudal hierarchy.
- Option d) Democratic governance: This is not the correct answer because the zamindari system was not a system of democratic governance.