The correct answer is c) Travancore.
The Venad kingdom was a Hindu kingdom that existed in the Malabar region of India from the 8th century to the 19th century. It was founded by the Chera dynasty and was initially ruled by a line of hereditary rulers known as the Kulasekhara Perumals. In the 13th century, the kingdom came under the control of the Vijayanagara Empire, but it regained its independence in the 16th century.
The Venad kingdom was a powerful and prosperous kingdom. It had a strong military and a well-developed economy. The kingdom was also a center of learning and culture.
In the 18th century, the Venad kingdom came under the control of the British East India Company. However, the kingdom retained a degree of autonomy and continued to exist as a princely state until it was merged with the Indian Union in 1947.
The other options are incorrect because they are not kingdoms that evolved from the Venad kingdom.
a) Calicut was a port city that was ruled by the Zamorin dynasty.
b) Kollam was a port city that was ruled by the Chera dynasty.
d) Kochi was a port city that was ruled by the Cochin dynasty.