The correct answer is: c) British East India Company.
The Vellore Mutiny was a significant early uprising against the British East India Company in 1806. The mutiny was led by Sepoys, Indian soldiers who were employed by the British East India Company. The Sepoys were unhappy with the British East India Company’s policies, which they felt were disrespectful to their religion and culture. The mutiny was suppressed by the British East India Company, but it had a significant impact on the history of India.
The other options are incorrect.
a) French colonial rule: The French did not have any significant colonial presence in India at the time of the Vellore Mutiny.
b) Dutch trading companies: The Dutch had a significant trading presence in India at the time of the Vellore Mutiny, but they did not have any significant colonial presence.
d) Nayak rulers: The Nayak rulers were a dynasty of Hindu rulers who ruled over parts of southern India from the 16th to the 18th centuries. They were not in power at the time of the Vellore Mutiny.