The correct answer is: A. resection
Resection is a method of determining the horizontal and vertical angles to two or more known points from an unknown point. This information can then be used to calculate the position of the unknown point.
The two point problem is a special case of resection in which the unknown point is located between two known points. The three point problem is a more general case of resection in which the unknown point is located anywhere within a triangle formed by three known points.
Orientation is a method of determining the direction of a line from an unknown point. This can be done by sighting on a known point and measuring the angle between the line of sight and the north direction.
Traversing is a method of surveying a line by measuring the angles and distances between a series of known points. This information can then be used to calculate the position of any point along the line.
In conclusion, the two point problem and three point problem are methods of resection, not orientation or traversing.