The two important features of sexual reproduction in higher organisms

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The two important features of sexual reproduction in higher organisms that create genetic diversity in offspring are

Mitosis and fertilization
Meiosis and fertilization
Mitosis and binary fission
Meiosis and conjugation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2023
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Meiosis and fertilization are the two key processes in sexual reproduction that generate genetic diversity. Meiosis involves crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes, creating unique combinations of alleles in the haploid gametes. Fertilization is the fusion of two distinct gametes (usually from different individuals), combining their unique genetic material to form a diploid zygote with a novel genetic makeup.
Genetic diversity is primarily generated through recombination (crossing over) and segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, and the random combination of gametes during fertilization.
Mitosis is involved in growth and repair but produces genetically identical cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction producing clones. Conjugation is a method of genetic transfer in some prokaryotes and protists but is not the fundamental process for generating diversity in sexual reproduction of higher organisms like the combination of meiosis and fertilization.

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