The correct answer is A. Demerger.
A demerger is the transfer of one or more business divisions of a company to another newly set-up company. The parent company remains in existence, but the demerged business becomes a separate legal entity. Demergers can be used to raise cash, to focus on core businesses, or to comply with regulatory requirements.
A merger is the combination of two or more companies into a single entity. The two companies cease to exist as separate legal entities, and the new company takes their place. Mergers can be used to increase market share, to achieve economies of scale, or to enter new markets.
An equity carve-out is the sale of a portion of a company’s equity to the public. The company remains in existence, but the equity carve-out results in a new class of shareholders. Equity carve-outs can be used to raise cash, to provide liquidity for existing shareholders, or to make the company more attractive to potential investors.
Disinvestment is the sale of an asset or business by a government or company. Disinvestment can be used to raise cash, to reduce debt, or to focus on core businesses.
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