The correct answer is: A) Income, health, and education.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher on the HDI if it performs better on these indicators.
The HDI was developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990. It is used to measure the progress of countries towards achieving human development goals. The HDI is calculated for 189 countries and territories.
The three key dimensions used to calculate the HDI are:
- Income: This dimension measures the average income of a country’s population. It is measured by the gross national income (GNI) per capita, which is the total value of goods and services produced by a country’s economy divided by its population.
- Health: This dimension measures the average life expectancy of a country’s population. It is measured by the life expectancy at birth, which is the average number of years that a newborn is expected to live.
- Education: This dimension measures the average level of education of a country’s population. It is measured by the mean years of schooling and the expected years of schooling.
The HDI is a valuable tool for measuring human development. It provides a comprehensive measure of a country’s progress towards achieving human development goals. The HDI can be used to compare countries, track progress over time, and identify areas where countries need to improve.
The HDI has been criticized for being too simplistic. It has been argued that the HDI does not take into account important factors such as inequality, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. However, the HDI remains a valuable tool for measuring human development.