The correct answer is: A. Job analysis
Job analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and requirements of a job. It is used to identify the essential duties and responsibilities of a job, the skills and abilities required to perform the job, and the working conditions associated with the job.
Job description is a written statement of the essential duties, responsibilities, and qualifications of a job. It is used to attract and select qualified applicants, to orient and train new employees, and to evaluate employee performance.
Job specification is a list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) required to perform a job. It is used to screen job applicants and to make hiring decisions.
Job evaluation is a process of determining the relative worth of jobs within an organization. It is used to establish pay rates and to create a pay structure that is fair and equitable.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each option:
- Job analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about the content, context, and requirements of a job. It is used to identify the essential duties and responsibilities of a job, the skills and abilities required to perform the job, and the working conditions associated with the job. Job analysis is typically conducted by a team of people, including human resources professionals, job incumbents, and supervisors. The information gathered through job analysis is used to develop job descriptions, job specifications, and job evaluation systems.
- Job description is a written statement of the essential duties, responsibilities, and qualifications of a job. It is used to attract and select qualified applicants, to orient and train new employees, and to evaluate employee performance. Job descriptions typically include the following information: job title, department, reporting relationship, essential duties and responsibilities, working conditions, physical demands, and qualifications.
- Job specification is a list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) required to perform a job. It is used to screen job applicants and to make hiring decisions. Job specifications typically include the following information: knowledge, skills, abilities, experience, education, and physical demands.
- Job evaluation is a process of determining the relative worth of jobs within an organization. It is used to establish pay rates and to create a pay structure that is fair and equitable. Job evaluation typically involves comparing jobs to one another based on a set of factors, such as job duties, responsibilities, skills, and working conditions. The results of job evaluation are used to develop pay grades and pay ranges.