The correct answer is: D. All of the above.
The Third Crusade was a military campaign launched in 1189 by European Christians to recapture the Holy Land from Saladin, the Muslim leader who had conquered Jerusalem in 1187. The crusade was led by three of Europe’s most powerful rulers: Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany.
Frederick Barbarossa was the first to set out on the crusade, but he drowned in a river in Asia Minor in 1190. Philip II of France and Richard I of England then continued the crusade together, but they soon fell out and went their separate ways. Richard I captured Acre in 1191, but he was unable to take Jerusalem. He eventually made peace with Saladin and returned to England in 1194.
The Third Crusade was a failure in that it did not achieve its goal of recapturing Jerusalem, but it did help to restore the balance of power between Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land.