The term Upari refers to which one of the following?

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The term Upari refers to which one of the following?

A category of proprietary tenure under the Mughal rule
A category of tenancy tenure under the Maratha rule
A soldier in the Maratha army
A village headman in the Mughal period
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2016
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The term ‘Upari’ refers to a category of tenancy tenure under the Maratha rule.
Under the Maratha revenue system, there were primarily two types of cultivators: Mirasidars and Uparis. Mirasidars were hereditary occupants or proprietors of land, holding permanent rights. Uparis were temporary tenants, often tenants-at-will or cultivating land in villages other than their own, and their rights were not hereditary or permanent. They were often brought in to cultivate vacant or fallow lands.
The distinction between Mirasidars and Uparis was significant in terms of social status, rights to land, and vulnerability to eviction or changes in revenue demands.

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