The correct answer is (d). The Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India provides for disqualification on ground of defection.
The Tenth Schedule was inserted in the Constitution by the 52nd Amendment Act, 1985. It provides for the disqualification of a member of Parliament or a State Legislature on the ground of defection.
A member is said to have defected if he or she voluntarily gives up membership of his or her party or joins another party or abstains from voting on a matter specified in the Tenth Schedule, without the prior permission of his or her party.
The Tenth Schedule also provides for the restoration of membership of a member who has been disqualified on the ground of defection. A member can be restored to his or her membership if he or she has been expelled from his or her party and rejoins it within six months of the expulsion.
The Tenth Schedule has been amended several times since its insertion in the Constitution. The most recent amendment was made by the 104th Amendment Act, 2019.
The Tenth Schedule has been controversial since its inception. Critics have argued that it is undemocratic and that it stifles dissent. Supporters have argued that it is necessary to prevent political defections and to ensure the stability of governments.
The Tenth Schedule has been the subject of several court cases. The Supreme Court has upheld the validity of the Tenth Schedule, but it has also placed some restrictions on its use.
The Tenth Schedule is a complex and controversial provision of the Constitution of India. It has been the subject of much debate and litigation. It remains to be seen whether the Tenth Schedule will achieve its intended purpose of preventing political defections and ensuring the stability of governments.
The other options are incorrect because:
(a) The Tenth Schedule does not provide for the allocation of seats in the Council of States. This is provided for by the Fourth Schedule of the Constitution.
(b) The Tenth Schedule does not provide for Panchayati Raj. This is provided for by the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
(c) The Tenth Schedule does not provide for languages. This is provided for by the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.