The Sun appears reddish during sunrise and sunset. The phenomenon in o

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The Sun appears reddish during sunrise and sunset. The phenomenon in optics which is responsible for this appear-ance of the Sun is

Reflection
Total internal reflection
Scattering
Interference
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2020
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The correct answer is (C) Scattering.
The phenomenon responsible for the reddish appearance of the Sun during sunrise and sunset is the scattering of sunlight by particles in the Earth’s atmosphere, primarily Rayleigh scattering. When the Sun is near the horizon, sunlight passes through a much longer path in the atmosphere. Shorter wavelengths of light (blue, violet) are scattered away more effectively than longer wavelengths (red, orange). As a result, the light that reaches our eyes after travelling through this longer path is enriched with longer wavelengths, making the Sun and the sky around it appear reddish.
Reflection is the bouncing of light off a surface. Total internal reflection occurs when light travelling in a denser medium hits a boundary with a less dense medium at a large angle. Interference occurs when waves overlap and combine, leading to reinforcement or cancellation. While these are optical phenomena, scattering is the specific one responsible for the sky’s colour and the reddish hues of the sun at sunrise/sunset.

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