"The sum of emfs and potential differences around a closed loop equals

“The sum of emfs and potential differences around a closed loop equals zero” is a consequence of

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Ohm's law.

Conservation of charge.

Conservation of momentum.

Conservation of energy.

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2019

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Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of the potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. This law is a direct consequence of the principle of conservation of energy. As a unit charge traverses a closed loop and returns to its starting point, the net work done on it by the electric field (and thus the net change in potential energy) must be zero if no energy is gained or lost within the loop from non-electric sources (which is accounted for by EMFs).

– Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) is mathematically expressed as $\sum V = 0$ around any closed loop.
– KVL is based on the conservative nature of the electric field and the conservation of energy.
– Potential difference is defined as the change in potential energy per unit charge. Traversing a closed loop means returning to the initial potential, so the total change in potential (and potential energy) is zero.

– Ohm’s law ($V=IR$) is a specific relationship for a resistive component and is used *within* a loop analysis, but KVL is a fundamental principle for the loop itself.
– Conservation of charge is the basis for Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL), which deals with currents at a junction.
– Conservation of momentum is a principle applied in mechanics, not directly related to circuit laws in this manner.

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