The correct answer is C. The Sultanates of Bijapur, Golconda, and others emerged from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate.
The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim sultanate that ruled over the Deccan Plateau in India from 1347 to 1518. It was founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah, a former general of the Delhi Sultanate. The Bahmani Sultanate was a powerful and prosperous state, and it played a significant role in the development of Indian culture.
The Bahmani Sultanate began to decline in the early 16th century. This was due to a number of factors, including internal political instability, external threats from the Mughal Empire, and the rise of regional powers such as the Sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda. The Bahmani Sultanate finally collapsed in 1518, after being defeated by the Mughals.
The Sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda were two of the successor states that emerged from the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate. They were both powerful and prosperous states, and they played a significant role in the development of Indian culture. The Sultanate of Bijapur was founded in 1490 by Yusuf Adil Shah, and it ruled over a territory that included parts of present-day Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Telangana. The Sultanate of Golconda was founded in 1512 by Quli Qutb Shah, and it ruled over a territory that included parts of present-day Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka.
The Sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda were both eventually conquered by the Mughal Empire in the 17th century. However, they left a lasting legacy on Indian culture. Their architecture, art, and literature continue to be admired and studied today.