The correct answer is A. Vatican City.
Vatican City is the smallest state in the world by both area and population. It is an independent city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. With an area of approximately 49 hectares (121 acres), and a population of 825, it is the smallest sovereign state in the world by both area and population.
Monaco is the second smallest state in the world by area, after Vatican City. It is located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Monaco has a population of 38,742 (as of January 2023), of
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