The correct answer is (d).
The sex ratio of child population (0-6 years) in India since 1961 has been initially increasing and later decreasing. This is due to the practice of female foeticide, which is the selective abortion of female fetuses. Female foeticide is a major problem in India, and it is estimated that millions of female fetuses have been aborted in the country since the 1970s. The practice of female foeticide is driven by a number of factors, including the preference for sons, the high cost of raising daughters, and the fear of social stigma associated with having a daughter.
The practice of female foeticide has had a devastating impact on the sex ratio in India. The sex ratio at birth in India has declined from 945 girls per 1000 boys in 1961 to 927 girls per 1000 boys in 2011. This decline is particularly pronounced in the northern states of India, where the sex ratio at birth is as low as 876 girls per 1000 boys.
The practice of female foeticide is a serious human rights violation, and it is a major obstacle to the development of India. The Indian government has taken a number of steps to address the problem of female foeticide, including the introduction of legislation to make it illegal and the provision of education and awareness campaigns. However, these efforts have not been successful in stopping the practice.
The practice of female foeticide is a complex problem, and there is no easy solution. However, it is important to raise awareness of the problem and to take steps to address it. The Indian government, civil society organizations, and individuals all have a role to play in ending the practice of female foeticide.