The Self-Respect Movement, founded by Periyar, challenged:

The Self-Respect Movement had a significant impact on Indian society. It helped to raise awareness of the problems of caste-based discrimination, economic exploitation, and gender inequality. It also helped to empower people to fight for their rights.

Here is a brief explanation of each option:

• Caste-based discrimination: The Self-Respect Movement challenged the caste system, which is a system of social stratification based on birth. The caste system is deeply rooted in Indian society and has been used to justify the oppression of lower castes. The Self-Respect Movement argued that the caste system was unjust and should be abolished.
• Economic exploitation: The Self-Respect Movement also challenged economic exploitation. Periyar argued that the poor and working class were being exploited by the rich and powerful. He called for economic equality and social justice.
• Gender inequality: The Self-Respect Movement also challenged gender inequality. Periyar argued that women were being oppressed by men. He called for equal rights for women, including the right to education and property ownership.