The correct answer is (d). All three of the factors mentioned in the question contributed to the success of the East India Company in India.
(a) Absence of nationalism in India: India was a vast and diverse country with a long history of different kingdoms and empires. There was no sense of national unity among the Indian people, and they were easily divided by the British.
(b) The company had western trained infantry armed with modern Weapons: The East India Company had a well-trained and well-equipped army that was superior to the Indian armies of the time. The company also had access to modern weapons and technology, which gave it a significant advantage over its rivals.
(c) The Indian soldiers lacked national sprit and could be hired by any one who paid them well: Many Indian soldiers were willing to fight for the East India Company because they were paid well and given good benefits. They were also not loyal to any particular Indian kingdom or empire, so they were easily persuaded to fight for the British.
These three factors combined to give the East India Company a decisive advantage over its rivals, and they were the key to the company’s success in India.