The Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad houses a vast collection of:

Artifacts and art
Natural history specimens
Modern art
Textiles and clothing

The correct answer is: A) Artifacts and art.

The Salar Jung Museum is a museum in Hyderabad, India. It is one of the largest museums in India and houses a vast collection of artifacts and art from around the world. The museum was founded in 1914 by Mir Yusuf Ali Khan Salar Jung III, who was the sixth Prime Minister of Hyderabad State. The museum is spread over an area of 10 acres and has 14 galleries. The galleries house a collection of artifacts from ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, Japan, and other parts of the world. The museum also has a collection of paintings, sculptures, and other works of art from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Option B is incorrect because the museum does not have a large collection of natural history specimens. The museum does have a few natural history specimens, but they are not a major part of the collection.

Option C is incorrect because the museum does not have a large collection of modern art. The museum does have a few modern art pieces, but they are not a major part of the collection.

Option D is incorrect because the museum does not have a large collection of textiles and clothing. The museum does have a few textiles and clothing items, but they are not a major part of the collection.