The correct answer is (d), all of the above.
The rules against perpetuity are a set of legal restrictions that limit the length of time that a trust or other property interest can be held. The rules are designed to prevent the indefinite accumulation of property and to ensure that property is used for its intended purpose.
The rules against perpetuity do not apply to movable properties, charities, or immovable properties. This is because these types of property are not considered to be subject to the same risks of indefinite accumulation or misuse as other types of property.
Movable property is property that can be moved from one place to another, such as furniture, cars, and jewelry. Charities are organizations that are established for a public purpose, such as education, religion, or charity. Immovable property is property that cannot be moved from one place to another, such as land and buildings.
The rules against perpetuity do not apply to these types of property because they are not considered to be subject to the same risks of indefinite accumulation or misuse as other types of property. Movable property can be easily sold or transferred, so there is no risk that it will be held indefinitely. Charities are subject to strict rules and regulations, so there is no risk that they will misuse property. Immovable property is typically held for a long period of time, so there is no risk that it will be sold or transferred quickly.