The correct answer is D) All of the above.
Technology has played a vital role in the development of Panchayat Raj. It has helped to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the functioning of panchayats.
E-governance initiatives have made it possible for panchayats to provide services to citizens online. This has made it easier for citizens to access information and services, and has also reduced the time and cost of doing so.
GIS mapping has helped panchayats to better understand their territory and to plan development projects more effectively. It has also helped to improve the delivery of services, such as water and sanitation, by making it easier for panchayats to identify areas that need attention.
Mobile apps have made it possible for citizens to participate in panchayat affairs more easily. They can now use mobile apps to access information about panchayats, to register complaints, and to vote in elections.
Overall, technology has had a positive impact on Panchayat Raj. It has helped to make panchayats more efficient, transparent, and accountable. It has also made it easier for citizens to participate in panchayat affairs.
Here are some additional details about each of the options:
- E-governance initiatives: These are initiatives that use technology to improve the delivery of government services. They can include online services, such as the ability to pay taxes or apply for a license online, as well as the use of technology to improve internal processes, such as the management of records.
- GIS mapping: This is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to map and analyze data. GIS can be used to track the progress of development projects, to identify areas that need attention, and to plan for future development.
- Mobile apps: These are applications that can be used on mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Mobile apps can be used to provide information, to register complaints, and to vote in elections.