The correct answer is: C. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the third Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. He ruled from 1325 to 1351. He was a great conqueror and expanded the Delhi Sultanate to its greatest extent. However, he was also a controversial figure, and his reign was marked by rebellions and economic problems.
The rise of two independent states in the South namely The Vijyanagar (A. D. 1336) and Bahamani (A. D. 1347) took place during his reign. The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in 1336. The Bahamani Sultanate was founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah in 1347.
The rise of these two states was a result of the decline of the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughlaq. The Tughlaqs had imposed heavy taxes on the people, which led to widespread discontent. The people of the South were also unhappy with the Tughlaqs’ policy of religious persecution.
The Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahamani Sultanate were both powerful states that resisted the Tughlaqs. The Vijayanagara Empire was a Hindu kingdom, while the Bahamani Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom. However, they both had a common enemy in the Tughlaqs.
The Vijayanagara Empire and the Bahamani Sultanate were both important centers of culture and learning. They both made significant contributions to the arts, architecture, and literature.
The Vijayanagara Empire was eventually destroyed by the Deccan sultanates in the 16th century. The Bahamani Sultanate broke up into five smaller sultanates in the 15th century.
The rise of two independent states in the South namely The Vijyanagar (A. D. 1336) and Bahamani (A. D. 1347) was a significant event in Indian history. It marked the beginning of the decline of the Delhi Sultanate and the rise of new regional powers in the South.