The correct answer is c) British East India Company.
The Revolt of 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, or the First War of Indian Independence, was a major uprising in India in 1857 against the rule of the British East India Company. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 with the mutiny of the 3rd Bengal Native Infantry at Meerut, and quickly spread to other parts of northern India. The rebels were motivated by a variety of factors, including religious and economic grievances, as well as resentment of British rule. The rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, but it had a profound impact on British rule in India.
The British East India Company was a private trading company that was granted a royal charter in 1600 by Queen Elizabeth I. The company was given the monopoly on trade with India, and it quickly became one of the most powerful companies in the world. The company’s rule in India was often harsh and exploitative, and it led to a great deal of resentment among the Indian people.
The Revolt of 1857 was a major turning point in British rule in India. The rebellion led to the end of the East India Company’s rule, and it also led to the establishment of the British Raj, which was direct rule by the British government. The rebellion also had a profound impact on the Indian psyche, and it is still remembered today as a symbol of Indian resistance to foreign rule.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the primary cause of the Revolt of 1857. Option a) is incorrect because the revolt was not primarily a rebellion against tribal chiefs in the Northeast. Option b) is incorrect because the revolt was not primarily a rebellion against Mughal rule. Option d) is incorrect because the revolt was not primarily a rebellion against Portuguese colonialists.