The renowned mathematician known for his extraordinary contributions was:

Srinivasa Ramanujan
Aryabhatta
C.V. Raman
S. Chandrasekhar

The correct answer is Srinivasa Ramanujan.

Srinivasa Ramanujan was an Indian mathematician who made extraordinary contributions to number theory, including the Hardy–Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan prime, and the Ramanujan theta function. He was born in Erode, India in 1887 and died in Kumbakonam, India in 1920.

Aryabhatta was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived in the 5th century AD. He is considered to be the father of Indian mathematics and astronomy. He made significant contributions to the development of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry.

C.V. Raman was an Indian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his work on the Raman effect. He was born in Tiruchirappalli, India in 1888 and died in Bangalore, India in 1970.

S. Chandrasekhar was an Indian astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his work on the Chandrasekhar limit. He was born in Lahore, British India (now in Pakistan) in 1910 and died in Chicago, Illinois in 1995.

Srinivasa Ramanujan is the correct answer because he made extraordinary contributions to number theory. He was a self-taught mathematician who developed his own unique methods for solving problems. He worked closely with the English mathematician G.H. Hardy, and together they published several papers on number theory. Ramanujan’s work has had a profound impact on the field of mathematics, and he is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.

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