The correct answer is: a) Elements of patronage and reciprocity.
The Chogyal was the hereditary ruler of Sikkim from the 17th century until 1975. The monasteries in Sikkim were powerful religious institutions that had a significant influence on the lives of the people. The relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was complex and varied over time, but it was always characterized by elements of patronage and reciprocity.
The Chogyal was the patron of the monasteries, providing them with financial support and other forms of assistance. In return, the monasteries legitimized the Chogyal’s rule and provided him with spiritual and moral support. The relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was based on mutual respect and cooperation, and it was essential for the stability of the Sikkimese state.
However, the relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was not always harmonious. There were times when the monasteries challenged the Chogyal’s authority, and there were also times when the Chogyal tried to exert too much control over the monasteries. These conflicts were usually resolved through negotiation and compromise, but they could also lead to violence.
Despite the occasional conflicts, the relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was generally one of mutual respect and cooperation. This relationship was essential for the stability of the Sikkimese state, and it played a significant role in the history of Sikkim.
Option b) is incorrect because the Chogyal and the monasteries did not have a strict separation of powers. The Chogyal was the head of state, but he also had a significant role in religious affairs. The monasteries were independent religious institutions, but they also had a role in secular affairs.
Option c) is incorrect because the relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was not characterized by open hostility and conflict. There were times when the monasteries challenged the Chogyal’s authority, but these conflicts were usually resolved through negotiation and compromise.
Option d) is incorrect because the relationship between the Chogyal and the monasteries was not characterized by complete unity of purpose. The Chogyal and the monasteries had different interests and priorities, and they sometimes disagreed on how to govern Sikkim.