The correct answer is A. hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound. In the case of carbonate and bicarbonate ions, hydrolysis occurs when the ions react with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is a weak acid that can be further broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
B. Carbonation is the process of adding carbon dioxide to a liquid. This can be done by dissolving carbon dioxide in water, or by adding it to a liquid under pressure. Carbonation can cause a liquid to become fizzy or bubbly.
C. Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an atom or molecule loses electrons. This can happen when an atom or molecule reacts with oxygen, or with another atom or molecule that is more electronegative. Oxidation can cause a substance to change color, or to become more reactive.
D. Solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are evenly mixed together. The substances in a solution are called solutes, and the substance that the solutes are dissolved in is called the solvent. Solutions can be made up of any combination of solids, liquids, or gases.