The correct answer is: b) Red and black soils.
Red and black soils are the most common type of soil in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. They are formed from the weathering of granite and gneiss rocks. These soils are rich in iron and aluminum oxides, which give them their characteristic red and black color. Red and black soils are well-drained and have good water retention capacity. They are suitable for growing a variety of crops, including rice, cotton, and tobacco.
Fertile alluvial soils are formed from the deposition of sediments by rivers. They are rich in nutrients and organic matter, making them ideal for growing crops. However, they are also prone to flooding and erosion.
Laterite soils are formed from the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks in tropical and subtropical climates. They are rich in iron and aluminum oxides, which give them their characteristic red color. Laterite soils are not very fertile and are prone to erosion.
Mountainous soils are formed from the weathering of rocks in mountainous regions. They are typically thin and rocky, and have poor drainage and water retention capacity. Mountainous soils are not very fertile and are difficult to cultivate.