The correct answer is: b) Red and black soils.
Red and black soils are the most common type of soil in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. They are formed from the weathering of granite and gneiss rocks. These soils are rich in iron and aluminum oxides, which give them their characteristic red and black color. Red and black soils are well-drained and have good water retention capacity. They are suitable for growing a variety of crops, including rice, cotton, and tobacco.
Fertile alluvial soils are formed from the deposition of sediments by rivers. These soils are rich in nutrients and are highly productive. However, they are also prone to flooding and erosion.
Laterite soils are formed from the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks in tropical and subtropical climates. These soils are rich in iron and aluminum oxides, but they are low in nutrients. They are also highly acidic and prone to leaching.
Mountainous soils are formed from the weathering of rocks in mountainous regions. These soils are typically thin and rocky, and they are not very fertile. However, they can be used for growing crops that are adapted to high altitudes, such as potatoes and barley.