The Rayalaseema region is characterized by:

The correct answer is: c) Red and laterite soils.

Rayalaseema is a region in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats to the east, the Deccan Plateau to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the south, and the state of Karnataka to the north. The region is characterized by its red and laterite soils, which are derived from the weathering of granite and gneiss rocks. These soils are poor in nutrients and organic matter, and are prone to erosion. However, they are well-drained and have good aeration, making them suitable for the cultivation of dry crops such as cotton, tobacco, and millet.

The other options are incorrect because:

• Fertile black soils are found in the northern parts of India, such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
• Sandy soils are found in coastal areas and deserts.
• Mountainous soils are found in mountainous regions.